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the ones which

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1 which

which [wɪtʃ]

quel ⇒ 1 (a) lequel ⇒ 2 (a) celui qui ⇒ 2 (b) celui que ⇒ 2 (b) qui ⇒ 3 (a) que ⇒ 3 (a) ce qui ⇒ 3 (b) ce que ⇒ 3 (b)

1 adjective

(a) (in questions → singular) quel (quelle); (→ plural) quels (quelles);

∎ which book did you buy? quel livre as-tu acheté?;

∎ which candidate are you voting for? pour quel candidat allez-vous voter?;

∎ which one? lequel?/laquelle?;

∎ which ones? lesquels?/lesquelles?;

∎ which one of you spoke? lequel de vous a parlé?;

∎ which one of the twins got married? lequel des jumeaux s'est marié?;

∎ I saw several films - which ones? j'ai vu plusieurs films - lesquels?;

∎ I wonder which route would be best je me demande quel serait le meilleur chemin;

∎ which way should we go? par où devrions-nous aller?;

∎ keep track of which employees come in late notez le nom des employés qui arrivent en retard

(b) (referring back to preceding noun or statement)

∎ he may miss his plane, in which case he'll have to wait il est possible qu'il rate son avion, auquel cas il devra attendre;

∎ she arrives at 5 p.m. at which time I'll still be at the office elle arrive à 17 heures, heure à laquelle je serai encore au bureau;

∎ they lived in Madrid for one year, during which time their daughter was born ils ont habité Madrid pendant un an, et c'est à cette époque que leur fille est née

2 pronoun

(a) (in questions → singular) lequel (laquelle) m,f; (→ plural) lesquels (lesquelles) mpl, fpl;

∎ which of the houses do you live in? dans quelle maison habitez-vous?;

∎ which of these books is yours? lequel de ces livres est le tien?;

∎ which is the freshest? quel est le plus frais?;

∎ which is the more interesting of the two films? lequel de ces deux films est-il le plus intéressant?;

∎ which of you saw the accident? qui de vous a vu l'accident?;

∎ which of you three is the oldest? lequel de vous trois est le plus âgé?, qui est le plus âgé de vous trois?;

∎ she's from Chicago or Boston, I don't remember which elle vient de Chicago ou de Boston, je ne sais plus laquelle des deux;

∎ we can play bridge or poker, I don't care which on peut jouer au bridge ou au poker, peu m'importe;

∎ I can't tell which is which je n'arrive pas à les distinguer (l'un de l'autre);

∎ which is which? lequel est-ce?

(b) (the one or ones that → as subject) (singular) celui qui (celle qui) m,f; (plural) ceux qui (celles qui) mpl, fpl; (→ as object) (singular) celui que (celle que) m,f; (plural) ceux que (celles que) mpl, fpl;

∎ show me which you prefer montrez-moi celui que vous préférez;

∎ tell her which is yours dites-lui lequel est le vôtre

3 relative pronoun

(a) (adding further information → as subject) qui; (→ as object) que;

∎ the house, which is very old, needs urgent repairs la maison, qui est très vieille, a besoin d'être réparée sans plus attendre;

∎ the vases, each of which held white roses, were made of crystal les vases, qui contenaient chacun des roses blanches, étaient en cristal;

∎ the hand with which I write la main avec laquelle j'écris;

∎ the office in which she works le bureau dans lequel ou où elle travaille;

∎ the hotels at which they stayed les hôtels où ils sont allés ou descendus;

∎ the house of which I am speaking la maison dont je parle;

∎ the countries to which we are going or which we're going to les pays où nous allons

(b) (commenting on previous statement → as subject) ce qui; (→ as object) ce que;

∎ it took her an hour, which isn't bad really elle a mis une heure, ce qui n'est pas mal en fait;

∎ he looked like a military man, which in fact he was il avait l'air d'un militaire, et en fait c'en était un;

∎ he says it was an accident, which I don't believe for an instant il dit que c'était un accident, ce que je ne crois absolument pas ou mais je ne le crois pas un seul instant;

∎ he's getting married, which surprises me il va se marier, ce qui m'étonne;

∎ I don't like it when rents go up, which they often do je n'aime pas que les loyers augmentent, ce qui arrive souvent;

∎ then they arrived, after which things got better puis ils sont arrivés, après quoi tout est allé mieux;

∎ she lied about the letter, from which I guessed she was up to something elle a menti au sujet de la lettre, d'où j'ai deviné qu'elle combinait quelque chose;

∎ he insists that actors should have talent, in which he is right il exige que les acteurs aient du talent, (ce) en quoi il a raison;

∎ he started shouting, upon which I left the room il s'est mis à crier, sur quoi ou et sur ce j'ai quitté la pièce

4 Which? noun

Press = magazine de l'Union des consommateurs britanniques connu pour ses essais comparatifs

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > which
2 which

which [wɪt∫]

1. adjective

   a. (in questions) quel

• which card did he take? quelle carte a-t-il prise ? laquelle des cartes a-t-il prise ?

• I don't know which book he wants je ne sais pas quel livre il veut

• which one? lequel (or laquelle) ?

   b. in which case... auquel cas...

• he spent a week here, during which time... il a passé une semaine ici au cours de laquelle...

2. pronoun

   a. (in questions) lequel m, laquelle f

• which of these maps is the best? quelle est la meilleure de ces cartes ? laquelle de ces cartes est la meilleure ?

• which have you taken? lequel m (or laquelle f ) avez-vous pris (e) ?

• which of you (two) is taller? lequel de vous deux est le plus grand ? qui est le plus grand de vous deux ?

• which of you owns the red car? lequel d'entre vous est le propriétaire de la voiture rouge ?

   b. ( = the one or ones that) (subject) celui m (or celle f or ceux mpl or celles fpl) qui ; (object) celui que

• I don't mind which you give me vous pouvez me donner celui que vous voudrez

• I don't mind which n'importe lequel, ça m'est égal

• show me which is the cheapest montrez-moi celui qui est le moins cher

• I can't tell which is which je ne peux pas les distinguer

• I know which I'd rather have je sais bien ce que je choisirais

   c. ( = that) (subject) qui ; (object) que ; (after prep) lequel m (or laquelle f or lesquels mpl or lesquelles fpl)

• the book which is on the table le livre qui est sur la table

• the apple which you ate la pomme que vous avez mangée

• the box which you put it in la boîte dans laquelle vous l'avez mis

• opposite which en face duquel (or de laquelle)

• the book which I told you about le livre dont je vous ai parlé

   d. ( = and that) (subject) ce qui ; (object) ce que ; (after prep) quoi

• he said he knew her, which is true il a dit qu'il la connaissait, ce qui est vrai

• she called me "Bobby", which I don't like elle m'a appelé « Bobby », ce que je n'aime pas

• after which we went to bed après quoi nous sommes allés nous coucher

* * *
[wɪtʃ], US [hwɪtʃ] 1.
pronoun

1) (also which one) lequel m, laquelle f

which do you want, the red skirt or the blue one? — laquelle est-ce que tu veux, la jupe rouge ou la bleue?

which of the groups...? — ( referring to one) lequel des groupes...?; ( referring to several) lesquels des groupes...?

show her which you mean — montre-lui celui/celle etc que tu veux dire

do you mind which you have? — est-ce que tu as une préférence?

I don't mind which — ça m'est égal

can you tell which is which? — peux-tu les distinguer?

2) ( relative to preceding noun) ( as subject) qui; ( as object) que; ( after prepositions) lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles

the contract which he's spoken about ou about which he's spoken — le contrat dont il a parlé

3) ( relative to preceding clause or concept) ( as subject) ce qui; ( as object) ce que

which reminds me... — ce qui me fait penser que...

we'll be moving, before which we need to... — nous allons déménager mais avant il faut que nous...

he's resigned, from which we must assume that — il a démissionné, d'où on peut déduire que
2.
determiner

1) ( interrogative) quel/quelle/quels/quelles (before n)

which books? — quels livres?

which one of the children? — lequel or laquelle des enfants?

2) ( relative)

he left the room, during which time... — il a quitté la pièce et pendant ce temps-là...

you may wish to join, in which case... — vous voulez peut-être vous inscrire, auquel cas...

English-French dictionary > which
3 which

wi
1. adjective, pronoun
(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) cuál

2. relative pronoun
((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) que

3. relative adjective, relative pronoun
(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.)

- whichever
- which is which? - which is which

which¹ adj cuál / qué

which one is yours? ¿cuál es el tuyo?

which² pron

1. cuál / qué

which of the houses is yours? ¿cuál de las casas es la tuya?

2. que

I lost the ring which he gave me perdí el anillo que me regaló

which

tr[wɪʧ]

adjective

1 (direct questions) qué, cuál, cuáles

■ which size? ¿qué tamaño/talla?

■ which colour do you prefer? ¿qué color prefieres?

■ which newspaper do you read? ¿qué periódico lees?

■ which one do you like best? ¿cuál te gusta más?

2 (indirect questions) qué

■ I can't remember which department she's in no recuerdo en qué sección trabaja

pronoun

1 (questions) cuál, cuáles

■ which do you want? ¿cuál quieres?

■ which is your car? ¿cuál es tu coche?

■ which is mine? ¿cuál es el mío?

2 (indirect questions) cuál

■ ask him which is his pregúntale cuál es el suyo

3 (defining relative) que; (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual, los/las que, los/las cuales

■ the shoes which I bought los zapatos que compré

■ this is the record I was telling you about este es el disco del que te hablaba

■ the shop in which they met la tienda donde se conocieron

4 (non-defining relative) el/la cual, los/las cuales

■ two glasses, one of which was dirty dos copas, una de las cuales estaba sucia

5 (referring to a clause) lo que, lo cual

■ he lost, which was sad perdió, lo cual era triste

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in which case en cuyo caso

which ['hwɪʧ] adj

: qué, cuál

which tie do you prefer?: ¿cuál corbata prefieres?

which ones?: ¿cuáles?

tell me which house is yours: dime qué casa es la tuya

which pron

1) : cuál

which is the right answer?: ¿cuál es la respuesta correcta?

2) : que, el (la) cual

the cup which broke: la taza que se quebró

the house, which is made of brick: la casa, la cual es de ladrillo

which (Interrogative pronoun)

pron.

• qué pron.

adj.

• cuál adj.

• el cual adj.

• que adj.

pron.

• cual pron.

• cuál pron.

• que pron.

I hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ
pronoun

1)

a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

which of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?

b) ( in indirect use) cuál

do you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?

I can never remember which is which — nunca recuerdo cuál es cuál

2) ( as relative)

the parcel which arrived this morning — el paquete que llegó esta mañana

the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo

he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto

II

adjective

1)

a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuáles

in which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?

b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuáles

ask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer

2) ( as relative)

we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido

in which case — en cuyo caso

[wɪtʃ]
1. PRONOUN

1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)

Which/which one/ which ones in direct and indirect questions and after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) usually translate as cuál/cuáles: cuál
which do you want? — (offering one) ¿cuál quieres?; (offering two or more) ¿cuáles quieres?

I can't tell which is which — no sé cuál es cuál

which of you did it? — ¿cuál de vosotros lo hizo?

which of you is Kathleen? — ¿cuál de vosotras es Kathleen?

I don't know which to choose — no sé cuál escoger

tell me which you like best — dime cuáles te gustan más

I don't mind which — no me importa cuál

2) (relative)

a) (replacing noun)
In relative clauses where which defines the noun it refers to, you can usually translate it as que. Note that in this type of sentence which can be substituted by that in English: que
the letter which came this morning was from my niece — la carta que llegó esta mañana era de mi sobrina

it's an illness which causes nerve damage — es una enfermedad que daña los nervios

do you remember the house which we saw last week? — ¿te acuerdas de la casa que vimos la semana pasada?

the bear which I saw — el oso que vi
If [which] is the object of a preposition, you can either translate it as [que] (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + [cual]/[cuales]. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:
your letter, which I received this morning, cheered me up — tu carta, que or more frm la cual he recibido esta mañana, me ha levantado el ánimo

the bull which I'm talking about — el toro del que or more frm del cual estoy hablando

the meeting which we attended — la reunión a la que or more frm a la cual asistimos

the hotel at which we stayed — el hotel en el que or more frm en el cual nos hospedamos

the cities to which we are going — las ciudades a las que or more frm a las cuales vamos

he explained the means by which we could achieve our objective — explicó los medios a través de los cuales podíamos alcanzar nuestro objetivo
If instead of defining the noun the [which] clause merely adds additional information, you can translate [which] using either [que] or article + [cual]/[cuales]:
the oak dining-table, which was a present from my father, seats 10 people comfortably — la mesa de roble, que or la cual fue un regalo de mi padre, admite cómodamente diez comensales

b) (replacing clause)
When which refers to the whole of a preceding sentence or idea, translate as lo que or lo cual:

it rained hard which upset her — llovió mucho, lo que or lo cual le disgustó

they left early, which my wife did not like at all — se marcharon pronto, lo cual or lo que no agradó nada a mi mujer
After a preposition only [lo cual] can be used:
• after which we went to bed — después de lo cual nos acostamos

• from which we deduce that... — de lo cual deducimos que...

2. ADJECTIVE

1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)
When which is used as an interrogative adjective, translate using qué + noun when the possibilities are very open or cuál/cuáles de + article + plural noun when the possibilities are limited: qué
which house do you live in? — ¿en qué casa vives?

which day are they coming? — ¿qué día vienen?

I don't know which tie he wants — no sé qué corbata quiere

which picture do you prefer? — ¿qué cuadro prefieres?, ¿cuál de los cuadros prefieres?

which option do you prefer? — ¿cuál de las alternativas prefieres?

which way did she go? — ¿por dónde se fue?

• which one? — ¿cuál?

I don't know which one to choose — no sé cuál escoger

tell me which ones you like best — dime cuáles te gustan más

2) (relative)

look which way you will... — mires por donde mires...

he used "peradventure", which word is now archaic — frm dijo "peradventure", palabra que ha quedado ahora anticuada

• in which case — en cuyo caso

• he didn't get here till 10, by which time Jane had already left — no llegó hasta las 10 y para entonces Jane ya se había ido

* * *

I [hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ]
pronoun

1)

a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

which of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?

b) ( in indirect use) cuál

do you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?

I can never remember which is which — nunca recuerdo cuál es cuál

2) ( as relative)

the parcel which arrived this morning — el paquete que llegó esta mañana

the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo

he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto

II

adjective

1)

a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuáles

in which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?

b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuáles

ask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer

2) ( as relative)

we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido

in which case — en cuyo caso

English-spanish dictionary > which
4 which

1. adjective
1) interrog. welch...

which one — welcher/welche/welches

which ones — welche

which one of you did it? — wer von euch hat es getan?

which way — (how) wie; (in which direction) wohin

2) rel. welch... (geh.)

he usually comes at one o'clock, at which time I'm having lunch/by which time I've finished — er kommt immer um ein Uhr; dann esse ich gerade zu Mittag/bis dahin bin ich schon fertig
2. pronoun
1) interrog. welcher/welche/welches

which of you? — wer von euch?

which is which? — welcher/welche/welches ist welcher/welche/welches?

2) rel. der/die/das; welcher/welche/welches (veralt.); referring to a clause was

of which — dessen/deren

everything which I predicted — alles, was ich vorausgesagt habe

the crime of which you accuse him — das Verbrechen, dessen Sie ihn anklagen

I intervened, after which they calmed down — ich griff ein, worauf[hin] sie sich beruhigten

Our Father, which art in Heaven — (Rel.) Vater unser, der du bist im Himmel

* * *
[wi ] 1. adjective, pronoun
(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) welche
2. relative pronoun
((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) welche
3. relative adjective, relative pronoun
(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.) welche

- academic.ru/81975/whichever">whichever
- which is which? - which is which
* * *

which

[(h)wɪtʃ]

I. pron

1. interrog (one of choice) welche(r, s)

\which is mine? the smaller one? welches gehört mir? das Kleinere?

it was either Spanish or Portuguese, I've forgotten \which es war entweder Spanisch oder Portugiesisch, ich habe vergessen, welches von beiden

\which are the best varieties of grapes for long keeping? welche Traubensorten halten sich am besten?

\which of your parents do you feel closer to? welchem Elternteil fühlst du dich enger verbunden?

\which of you knows where the keys are kept? wer von euch weiß, wo die Schlüssel sind?

those two paintings look so alike I'm surprised anyone can tell \which is \which diese zwei Bilder sind so ähnlich, dass es mich wundert, dass sie jemand unterscheiden kann

I really can't tell them apart — \which is \which? ich kann sie nicht auseinanderhalten — wer ist wer?

2. rel (with defining clause) der/die/das

you know that little Italian restaurant — the one \which I mentioned in my letter? kennst du das kleine italienische Restaurant — das, das ich in meinem Brief erwähnt habe?

these are the principles \which we all believe in das sind die Prinzipien, an die wir alle glauben

a conference in Vienna \which ended on Friday eine Konferenz in Wien, die am Freitag geendet hat

3. rel (with non-defining clause) was

she says it's Anna's fault, \which is rubbish sie sagt, das ist Annas Schuld, was aber Blödsinn ist

he showed me round the town, \which was very kind of him er zeigte mir die Stadt, was sehr nett von ihm war

that building, the interior of \which is rather better than the outside,... das Gebäude, das innen besser ist als außen,...

it's the third in a sequence of three books, the first of \which I really enjoyed das ist das dritte aus einer Reihe von drei Büchern, von denen mir das erste wirklich gut gefallen hat

at/upon \which... woraufhin...

4. rel, after prep der/die/das

is that the film in \which he kills his mother? ist das der Film, in dem er seine Mutter umbringt?

the death of his son was an experience from \which he never fully recovered der Tod seines Sohnes war eine Erfahrung, von der er sich nie ganz erholte

it isn't a subject to \which I devote a great deal of thought über dieses Thema mache ich mir nicht viele Gedanken

we are often afraid of that \which we cannot understand wir fürchten uns oft vor dem, was wir nicht verstehen

II. adj inv

1. interrog (what one) welche(r, s)

\which doctor did you see? bei welchem Arzt warst du?

\which button do I press next? auf welchen Knopf muss ich als Nächstes drücken?

I didn't know \which brother I was speaking to ich wusste nicht, mit welchem Bruder ich sprach

\which way is the wind blowing? woher kommt der Wind?

Jacinta came last night with her boyfriend — \which one? she's got several Jacinta kam letzten Abend mit ihrem Freund — mit welchem? sie hat mehrere

see if you can guess \which one is me in my old school photo mal schauen, ob du errätst, wer auf dem alten Schulfoto ich bin

2. rel (used to introduce more info) der/die/das

the picking of the fruit, for \which work they receive no money, takes about a week das Ernten des Obstes, wofür sie kein Geld bekommen, dauert etwa eine Woche

the talk lasted two hours, during all of \which time the child was well behaved das Gespräch hat zwei Stunden gedauert, während denen sich das Kind gut benahm

it might be made of plastic, in \which case you could probably carry it es könnte aus Plastik sein — dann könntest du es wahrscheinlich tragen

* * *
[wɪtʃ]
1. adj

1) (interrog) welche(r, s)

which one? — welche(r, s)?; (of people also) wer?

I can't tell which key is which — ich kann die Schlüssel nicht auseinanderhalten

2) (rel) welche(r, s)

... by which time I was asleep —... und zu dieser Zeit schlief ich (bereits)

look at it which way you will... —

... he said, which remark made me very angry —... sagte er, was mich sehr ärgerte

2. pron

1) (interrog) welche(r, s)

which of the children/books — welches Kind/Buch

which is which? (of people) — wer ist wer?, welche(r) ist welche(r)?; (of things) welche(r, s) ist welche(r, s)?, welche(r, s) ist der/die/das eine und welche(r, s) der/die/das andere?

which is for which? — was ist wofür?

2) (rel) (with n antecedent) der/die/das, welche(r, s) (geh); (with clause antecedent) was

the bear which I saw — der Bär, den ich sah

at which he remarked... — woraufhin er bemerkte,...

it rained hard, which upset her plans — es regnete stark, was ihre Pläne durcheinanderbrachte

which reminds me... — dabei fällt mir ein,...

from which we deduce that... — woraus wir ableiten, dass...

after which we went to bed — worauf or wonach wir zu Bett gingen

the day before/after which he left her — an dem Tag, bevor er sie verließ/nachdem er sie verlassen hatte

the shelf on which I put it — das Brett, auf das or worauf ich es gelegt habe

* * *

which [wıtʃ; hwıtʃ]

A int pr (bezogen auf Sachen oder Personen) welch(er, e, es) (aus einer bestimmten Gruppe oder Anzahl):

which of these houses? welches dieser Häuser?;

which of you has done it? wer oder welcher von euch hat es getan?

B rel pr

1. welch(er, e, es), der (die, das)

2. (auf den vorhergehenden Satz bezüglich) was:

she laughed loudly, which irritated him

3. (in eingeschobenen Sätzen) (etwas,) was:

and which is still worse, all you did was wrong und was noch schlimmer ist, alles, was du machtest, war falsch

C adj

1. (fragend oder relativ) welch(er, e, es):

which place will you take? auf welchem Platz willst du sitzen?;

take which book you please nimm welches Buch du willst

2. (auf das Vorhergehende bezogen) und dies(er, e, es), welch(er, e, es):

during which time he had not eaten und während dieser Zeit hatte er nichts gegessen

* * *
1. adjective
1) interrog. welch...

which one — welcher/welche/welches

which ones — welche

which one of you did it? — wer von euch hat es getan?

which way — (how) wie; (in which direction) wohin

2) rel. welch... (geh.)

he usually comes at one o'clock, at which time I'm having lunch/by which time I've finished — er kommt immer um ein Uhr; dann esse ich gerade zu Mittag/bis dahin bin ich schon fertig
2. pronoun
1) interrog. welcher/welche/welches

which of you? — wer von euch?

which is which? — welcher/welche/welches ist welcher/welche/welches?

2) rel. der/die/das; welcher/welche/welches (veralt.); referring to a clause was

of which — dessen/deren

everything which I predicted — alles, was ich vorausgesagt habe

the crime of which you accuse him — das Verbrechen, dessen Sie ihn anklagen

I intervened, after which they calmed down — ich griff ein, worauf[hin] sie sich beruhigten

Our Father, which art in Heaven — (Rel.) Vater unser, der du bist im Himmel

* * *

adj.

welch adj.

welcher adj.

welches adj. pron.

das pron.

der pron.

die pron.

English-german dictionary > which
5 which *****

[wɪtʃ]
1. adj

1) (interrogative) quale

which book do you want? — quale libro vuoi?

she didn't say which books she wanted — non ha detto quali libri voleva

which books are yours? — quali sono i tuoi libri?

tell me which one you want — dimmi quale vuoi

which one of you? — chi di voi?

which one/ones do you want? — quale/quali vuoi?

which way did she go? — da che parte è andata?

2)

in which case — nel qual caso

he lived in Italy for a year, during which time... — ha vissuto in Italia per un anno, periodo in cui...

by which time — e a quel punto

2. pron

1) (interrogative: the one or ones that) quale

I know which I'd rather have — io lo so quale preferirei

I don't mind which — non mi importa quale

which of these are yours? — quali di questi sono tuoi?

which of your sisters? — quale delle tue sorelle?

which of you? — chi di voi?

which do you want? — quale vuoi?

I can't tell which is which — non riesco a distinguere l'uno dall'altro

2) (relative: that) che, (indirect) cui, il (la)quale

the book about which — il libro del quale or di cui

after which — dopo di che

the apple (which) you ate — la mela che hai mangiato

the apple which is on the table — la mela che è sul tavolo

the hotel at which we stayed — l'albergo in cui abbiamo soggiornato

from which one can deduce... — dal che si può dedurre...

he said he was there, which is true — ha detto che c'era, il che è vero

the meeting (which) we attended — la riunione a cui abbiamo partecipato

the chair on which — la sedia sulla quale or su cui

you're late, which reminds me... — sei in ritardo, il che mi fa venire in mente...

it rained a lot, which upset her — ha piovuto tanto e ciò l'ha irritata

English-Italian dictionary > which *****
6 which

{witʃ}
I. 1. inter кой? (от няколко)
WHICH of you can answer? кой от вас може да отговори? WHICH have you chosen? кое си избра? tell me WHICH is WHICH? кажи ми кое/какво е
2. rel който (обик. за неща), което (за цяло изречение)
take the book WHICH is on the table вземи книгата, която е на масата
he was back in London, WHICH I did not know той се бил завърнал в Лондон, което аз не знаех
II. 1. inter кой? (от няколко)
WHICH boy do you like best? кое момче най-много ти харесва? WHICH way shall we go? по кой път ще минем
2. rel който
look WHICH way you will гледай в която посока/накъдето искаш

* * *

{witsh} pron 1. inter кой? (от няколко); which of you can answer? ко(2) {witsh} a 1. inter кой? (от няколко); which boy do you like best

* * *

кой;

* * *
1. he was back in london, which i did not know той се бил завърнал в Лондон, което аз не знаех 2. i. inter кой? (от няколко) 3. ii. inter кой? (от няколко) 4. look which way you will гледай в която посока/накъдето искаш 5. rel който 6. rel който (обик. за неща), което (за цяло изречение) 7. take the book which is on the table вземи книгата, която е на масата 8. which boy do you like best? кое момче най-много ти харесва? which way shall we go? по кой път ще минем 9. which of you can answer? кой от вас може да отговори? which have you chosen? кое си избра? tell me which is which? кажи ми кое/какво е
* * *

which[witʃ] I. pron 1. inter кой? (от няколко); \which are the ones you really like? кои точно харесваш? \which of you can answer? кой от вас ще отговори? tell me \which is \which кажи ми кое какво е? 2. rel само за неща - ост. и за лица; който; the room \which he currently occupies стаята, която обитава (в която живее) понастоящем; he died of cancer, \which is what I predicted той почина от рак, както бях предрекъл; II. adj 1. inter кой? (от няколко); \which one? кой? \which man do you most admire? на кой мъж се възхищаваш най-много? \which John do you mean? кой Джон (от тези, които познаваме) имаш предвид? 2. rel който; take \which car you want вземи която кола искаш.

English-Bulgarian dictionary > which
7 the Great White Way

амер.

"Великий белый путь" (часть Бродвея, вдоль которой расположены театры)

Their steamer had one of those midnight sailings which allow the pleasure-loving ones a last fling on the Great While Way. (U. Sinclair, ‘World's End’, ch. 24) — Пароход отходил в полночь, так что любители развлечений могли еще разок завернуть на Бродвей, проститься с этим Великим белым путем.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > the Great White Way
8 clear the way for smth.

(clear (open, pave или prepare) the way for smth.)

устранить препятствия, расчистить путь, проложить путь для чего-л., подготовить почву для чего-л.

These questions are complex ones which we cannot answer abruptly, and, even after paving the way for answers in the next chapters, it is clear that only future developments will provide real answers. (R. E. Lapp, ‘Atoms and People’, ch. X) — Все это сложные вопросы, на которые не сразу ответишь. И хотя последующие главы и проливают на них свет, нет никакого сомнения, что окончательные ответы даст лишь будущее.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > clear the way for smth.
9 before the ink is dry

не успеют высохнуть чернила; немедленно, моментально

The ink was not dry in 1783 on the Treaty of Versailles, which settled the global issues along with the Anglo-American ones, when United States expansion began. (G. Marion, ‘Bases and Empire’, part I, ch. 4) — Еще не высохли чернила на Версальском договоре 1783 года, разрешившем международные, а наряду с ними и англо-американские спорные вопросы, как Соединенные Штаты начали свою политику экспансии.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > before the ink is dry
10 that

that [ðæt, ðət]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. demonstrative adjective

2. demonstrative pronoun

3. relative pronoun

4. conjunction

5. adverb

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

(plural those)

1. demonstrative adjective

   a. (unstressed) ce ; (masculine before vowel and silent "h") cet, cette f ces mfpl

• that noise ce bruit

• that man cet homme

• that idea cette idée

• those books ces livres

• those houses ces maisons

• what about that £20 I lent you? et ces 20 livres que je t'ai prêtées ?

   b. (stressed, or as opposed to this, these) ce...-là, cet...-là cette...-là, ces...-là

• I mean THAT book c'est de ce livre-là que je parle

• I like that photo better than this one je préfère cette photo-là à celle-ci

• but that Saturday... mais ce samedi-là...

► that one, those ones celui-là m celle-là f ceux-là mpl celles-là fpl

• which video do you want? -- that one quelle vidéo veux-tu ? -- celle-là

• of all his records, I like that one best de tous ses disques, c'est celui-là que je préfère

• the only blankets we have are those ones there les seules couvertures que nous ayons sont celles-là

• there's little to choose between this model and that one il n'y a pas grande différence entre ce modèle-ci et l'autre► that much

• I can't carry that much je ne peux pas porter tout ça

2. demonstrative pronoun

   a. (singular) ( = that thing, event, statement, person) cela, ça ce

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► ça is commoner and less formal than cela; ce is used as a pronoun only as the subject of être.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• what's that? qu'est-ce que c'est que ça ?

• do you like that? vous aimez cela ?

• that's enough! ça suffit !

• that's fine! c'est parfait !

• that's what they've been told c'est ce qu'on leur a dit

• that is (to say)... c'est-à-dire...

• who's that? qui est-ce ? ; (on phone) qui est à l'appareil ?

• is that you Paul? c'est toi Paul ?

• that's the boy I told you about c'est le garçon dont je t'ai parlé

► that which ( = what) (subject of clause) ce qui ; (object of clause) ce que

• this is the opposite of that which the government claims to have done c'est le contraire de ce que le gouvernement prétend avoir fait

   b. ( = that one, those ones) celui-là m, celle-là f ceux-là mpl, celles-là fpl

• a recession like that une récession comme celle-là

• a recession like that of 1973-74 une récession comme celle de 1973-74

• those over there ceux-là (or celles-là) là-bas

• are those our seats? est-ce que ce sont nos places ?

• those are nice sandals elles sont belles, ces sandales

► that which ( = the one which) celui qui m celle qui f

• the true cost often differs from that which is first projected le coût réel est souvent différent de celui qui était prévu à l'origine► those which ( = the ones which) ceux qui mpl celles qui fpl

• those which are here ceux qui sont ici► those who ( = the ones who) ceux qui mpl celles qui fpl

• those who came ceux qui sont venus

• there are those who say... certains disent...

   c. (set structures)

► at that!

• and there were six of them at that! et en plus ils étaient six !► by that

• what do you mean by that? qu'est-ce que vous voulez dire par là ?► that's it ( = the job's finished) ça y est ; ( = that's what I mean) c'est ça ; ( = that's all) c'est tout ; ( = I've had enough) ça suffit

► that's just it c'est bien le problème

• sorry, I wasn't listening -- that's just it, you never listen! désolé, je n'écoutais pas -- c'est bien le problème, tu n'écoutes jamais !► so that's that alors c'est ça

• so that's that then, you're leaving? alors c'est ça, tu t'en vas ?

• and so that was that et les choses en sont restées là► with that sur ce

• with that she burst into tears en disant cela elle a éclaté en sanglots

3. relative pronoun

   a. (subject of clause) qui ; (object of clause) que

• the man that came to see you l'homme qui est venu vous voir

• the letter that I sent yesterday la lettre que j'ai envoyée hier

   b. ► that... + preposition lequel m laquelle f lesquels mpl lesquelles fpl

• the pen that she was writing with le stylo avec lequel elle écrivait

• the box that you put it in la boîte dans laquelle vous l'avez mis

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► à + lequel, lesquels and lesquelles combine to give auquel, auxquels and auxquelles.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the problem that we are faced with le problème auquel nous sommes confrontés

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When that + preposition refers to people, preposition + qui can also be used.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the man that she was dancing with l'homme avec lequel or avec qui elle dansait

• the children that I spoke to les enfants auxquels or à qui j'ai parlé

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► dont is used when the French verb takes de.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the girl/the book that I told you about la jeune fille/le livre dont je vous ai parlé

4. conjunction

que

• he said that he had seen her il a dit qu'il l'avait vue

• he was speaking so softly that I could hardly hear him il parlait si bas que je l'entendais à peine

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► que cannot be omitted in a second clause if it has a different subject.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• he said that he was very busy and his secretary would deal with it il a dit qu'il était très occupé et que sa secrétaire s'en occuperait

► in that dans la mesure où

• it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free c'est un investissement intéressant dans la mesure où il est exonéré d'impôts► not that non (pas) que

• not that I want to do it non que je veuille le faire

5. adverb

   a. ( = so) si

• it's not that important/bad ce n'est pas si important/mal (que ça)

• I couldn't go that far je ne pourrais pas aller si loin

   b. ( = so very) (inf) tellement

• when I found it I was that relieved! lorsque je l'ai trouvé, je me suis senti tellement soulagé !

* * *
1. [ðæt, ðət]
determiner (pl those) ce/cet/cette/ces

that chair/that man over there — cette chaise/cet homme là-bas

I said that dress! — j'ai dit cette robe-là!

you can't do it that way — tu ne peux pas le faire comme ça

he went that way — il est allé par là

those patients (who are) able to walk — les patients qui sont capables de marcher

that train crash last year — la collision ferroviaire qui a eu lieu l'an dernier

that lazy son of yours — ton paresseux de fils
2. [ðæt]
demonstrative pronoun (pl those)

1) ( that one) celui-/celle-/ceux-/celles-là

we prefer this to that — nous préférons celui-ci à celui-là

2) ( the thing or person observed or mentioned) cela, ça, ce

what's that? — qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?

who's that? — gen qui est-ce?; ( on phone) qui est à l'appareil?

is that John? — c'est John?

who told you that? — qui t'a dit ça?

that's how he did it — c'est comme ça qu'il l'a fait

what did he mean by that? — qu'est-ce qu'il entendait par là?

that's bureaucrats for you! — c'est ça les bureaucrates!

before that, he had always lived in London — avant cela, il avait toujours vécu à Londres

3) ( before relative pronoun)

those who... — ceux qui...
3. [ðət]
relative pronoun ( subject) qui; ( object) que; ( with preposition) lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles

the woman that won — la femme qui a gagné

the book that I bought — le livre que j'ai acheté

the house that they live in — la maison dans laquelle ils vivent

the man that I received the letter from — l'homme dont j'ai reçu la lettre

the day that she arrived — le jour où elle est arrivée
4. [ðət]
conjunction

1) gen que

he said that he had finished — il a dit qu'il avait fini

it's likely that they are out — il est probable qu'ils sont sortis

2) ( expressing wish)

oh that he would come — s'il pouvait venir; ( expressing surprise)

that she should treat me so badly! — comment peut-elle me traiter comme ça!

that it should come to this! — comment peut-on en arriver là!
5. [ðæt]
adverb ( to the extent shown)

it's about that thick — c'est à peu près épais comme ça

she's that much smaller than me — elle est plus petite que moi de ça

I can't do that much work in one day — je ne peux pas faire autant de travail dans une journée

he can't swim that far — il ne peut pas nager aussi loin

••

...and (all) that —...et tout ça

...and he's very nice at that! —...et en plus il est très gentil!

I might well go at that! — en fait, je pourrais bien y aller!

at that, he got up and left — en entendant cela, il s'est levé et est parti

with that he got up and left — sur ce il s'est levé et est parti

that is (to say)... — c'est-à-dire...

that's it! — ( that's right) c'est ça!; ( that's enough) ça suffit!

I don't want to see you again and that's that! — je ne veux pas te revoir point final!

well, that's it then! — il n'y a rien de plus à faire!

English-French dictionary > that
11 what

what [wɒt]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. pronoun

3. compounds

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

   a. (in questions and indirect speech) quel m, quelle f quels mpl, quelles fpl

• what time is it? quelle heure est-il ?

• what flavours do you want? quels parfums voulez-vous ?

• what subjects did you choose? quelles matières as-tu choisies ?

• she told me what colour it was elle m'a dit de quelle couleur c'était

• they asked me what kind of films I liked ils m'ont demandé quel genre de films j'aimais

   b. ( = all the) I gave him what money I had je lui ai donné tout l'argent que j'avais

• what savings we had are now gone le peu d'économies que nous avions s'est maintenant envolé

• I will give you what information we have je vais vous donner toutes les informations dont nous disposons

• I gave her what comfort I could je l'ai réconfortée comme j'ai pu

   c. (exclamations) what a nice surprise! quelle bonne surprise !

• what a ridiculous suggestion! quelle suggestion ridicule !

• what a nightmare! quel cauchemar !

• what a nuisance! quelle barbe ! (inf)

• what a lot of people! que de monde !

• what lovely hair you've got! quels jolis cheveux tu as !

2. pronoun

   a. (used alone, or in emphatic position) quoi

• what? I didn't get that quoi ? je n'ai pas compris

• I've forgotten something -- what? j'ai oublié quelque chose -- quoi ?

• he's getting married -- what! il se marie -- quoi !

• what! you expect me to believe that! quoi ! et tu penses que je vais croire ça !

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► quoi is used with a preposition, if the French verb requires one.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I've just thought of something -- what? je viens de penser à quelque chose -- à quoi ?

• I've just remembered something -- what? je viens de me souvenir de quelque chose -- de quoi ?

• you what? (inf!) (British) quoi !

   b. (subject in direct questions) qu'est-ce qui

• what's happened? qu'est-ce qui s'est passé ?

• what's bothering you? qu'est-ce qui te préoccupe ?

• what's for dinner? qu'est-ce qu'il y a pour dîner ?

• what is his address? quelle est son adresse ?

• what's the French for "pen"? comment dit-on « pen » en français ?

• what is this called? comment ça s'appelle ?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When asking for a definition or explanation, c'est quoi is often used in spoken French.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• what are capers? c'est quoi, les câpres ?

• what's that noise? c'est quoi, ce bruit ?

• what's that? (asking about sth) c'est quoi ? ; ( = what did you say) comment ?

   c. (object in direct questions) qu'est-ce que, que quoi after prep

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► The object pronoun que is more formal than qu'est-ce que and requires inversion of verb and pronoun.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• what did you do? qu'avez-vous fait ?

• what can we do? qu'est-ce qu'on peut faire ? que peut-on faire ?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► The French preposition cannot be separated from the pronoun.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• what does he owe his success to? à quoi doit-il son succès ?

• what were you talking about? de quoi parliez-vous ?

   d. ( = which in particular) quel m, quelle f quels mpl, quelles fpl

• what's the best time to call? quel est le meilleur moment pour vous joindre ?

• what are the advantages? quels sont les avantages ?

   e. ( = how much) combien

• what will it cost? ça va coûter combien ?

• what does it weigh? ça pèse combien ?

• what do 2 and 2 make? combien font 2 et 2 ?

• what does it matter? qu'est-ce que ça peut bien faire ?

   f. (in indirect questions) (subject of verb) ce qui ; (object of verb) ce que

• I wonder what will happen je me demande ce qui va se passer

• I wonder what they think je me demande ce qu'ils pensent

• I don't know what that building is je ne sais pas ce que c'est que ce bâtiment

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► If the French verb takes a preposition, what is translated by quoi.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• tell us what you're thinking about dites-nous à quoi vous pensez

• I wonder what they need je me demande de quoi ils ont besoin

• I wonder what they are expecting je me demande à quoi ils s'attendent

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► quoi is used when what ends the sentence.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I don't know who's doing what je ne sais pas qui fait quoi

   g. (in relative clauses) ( = that which) (subject of verb) ce qui ; (object of verb) ce que ; (object of verb taking "de") ce dont ; (object of verb taking "à") ce à quoi

• what is done is done ce qui est fait est fait

• the hotel isn't what it was l'hôtel n'est plus ce qu'il était

• what I don't understand is... ce que je ne comprends pas c'est...

• what I need is... ce dont j'ai besoin c'est...

• it wasn't what I was expecting ce n'est pas ce à quoi je m'attendais

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When what means the ones which, the French pronoun is generally plural.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I've no clothes except what I'm wearing je n'ai pas d'autres vêtements que ceux que je porte

   h. (set structures)

► and what...

• and what's more et qui plus est

• and what is worse et ce qui est pire

• and what not (inf) et cetera► or what? (inf!)

are you coming or what? tu viens ou quoi ? (inf)

• I mean, is that sick, or what? il faut vraiment être malade ! (inf)► tell you what (inf)

tell you what, let's stay here another day j'ai une idée: si on restait un jour de plus ?► what about

• what about people who haven't got cars? et les gens qui n'ont pas de voiture ?

• what about going to the cinema? si on allait au cinéma ?► what for? pourquoi ?

• what did you do that for? pourquoi avez-vous fait ça ?

• to give sb what for (inf!) passer un savon a qn► what if et si

• what if this doesn't work out? et si ça ne marchait pas ?

• what if he says no? et s'il refuse ?► what of

• but what of the country's political leaders? et les dirigeants politiques du pays ?

• what of it? (inf) et alors ?► what's what (inf)

he knows what's what il connaît son affaire

• I've done this job long enough to know what's what je fais ce travail depuis assez longtemps pour savoir de quoi il retourne► what with

• what with the stress and lack of sleep, I was in a terrible state entre le stress et le manque de sommeil, j'étais dans un état lamentable

• what with one thing and another avec tout ça

3. compounds

► what-d'ye-call-her (inf) noun Machine (inf) f

► what-d'ye-call-him (inf) noun Machin (inf) m

► what-d'ye-call-it (inf) noun machin (inf) m

► what's-her-name (inf) noun Machine (inf) f

► what's-his-name (inf) noun Machin (inf) m

► what's-it noun machin (inf) m

• Mr What's-it (inf) Monsieur Machin (Chose) (inf) ► what's-its-name (inf) noun machin (inf) m

* * *
[wɒt], US [hwɒt] 1.
pronoun

1) ( what exactly) ( as subject) qu'est-ce qui; ( as object) que, qu'est-ce que; ( with prepositions) quoi

what is happening? — qu'est-ce qui se passe?

what are you doing? — qu'est-ce que tu fais?

with what? — avec quoi?

and what else? — et quoi d'autre?

what is to be done? — que faire?

what does it matter? — qu'est-ce que ça peut faire?

what's her telephone number? — quel est son numéro de téléphone?

what's that button for? — à quoi sert ce bouton?

what for? — ( why) pourquoi?; ( concerning what) à propos de quoi?

what's it like? — comment c'est?

what's this called in Flemish? —

what's the Flemish for this? — comment dit-on cela en flamand?

what did it cost? — combien est-ce que ça a coûté?

2) ( in rhetorical questions)

what's life without love? — que serait la vie sans l'amour?

what's the use? — ( enquiringly) à quoi bon?; ( exasperatedly) à quoi ça sert?

what does he care? — qu'est-ce que ça peut bien lui faire?

3) ( whatever)

do what you want — fais ce que tu veux

4) ( in clauses) ( as subject) ce qui; ( as object) ce que, (before vowel) ce qu'

this is what is called a ‘monocle’ — c'est ce qu'on appelle un ‘monocle’

do you know what that device is? — sais-tu ce que c'est que cet appareil?

what I need is — ce dont j'ai besoin c'est

drinking what looked like whisky — buvant quelque chose qui ressemblait à du whisky

and what's more — et en plus

and what's worse ou better — et en plus

5) (colloq) ( when guessing)

it'll cost, what, £50 — ça coutera, quoi, dans les 50 livres?

6) ( inviting repetition)

what's that? —

what did you say? — quoi? qu'est-ce que tu as dit?

he earns what? — il gagne combien?

he did what? — il a fait quoi?

George what? — George comment?
2.
determiner

1) ( which) quel/quelle/quels/quelles

what time is it? — quelle heure est-il?

2) ( in exclamations) quel/quelle

what a nice car! — quelle belle voiture!

what a strange thing to do! — quelle drôle d'idée!

what use is that? — lit, fig à quoi ça sert?

3) ( the amount of)

what money he earns he spends — tout ce qu'il gagne, il le dépense

what little she has — le peu qu'elle a, tout ce qu'elle a

what few friends she had — les quelques amis qu'elle avait
3.
what about prepositional phrase

1) ( when drawing attention)

what about the letter they sent? — et la lettre qu'ils ont envoyée, alors?

what about the children? — et les enfants (alors)?

2) ( when making suggestion)

what about a meal out? — et si on dînait au restaurant?

what about Tuesday? — qu'est-ce que tu dirais de mardi?

3) ( in reply)

‘what about your sister?’ - ‘what about her?’ — ‘et ta sœur?’ - ‘quoi ma sœur?’
4.
what if prepositional phrase et si
5.
what with prepositional phrase

what with her shopping bags and her bike — avec ses sacs à provisions et son vélo en plus

what with the depression and unemployment — entre la dépression et le chômage

what with one thing and another — avec ceci et cela
6.
exclamation quoi!, comment!

••

I'll tell you what — tu sais quoi

to give somebody what for — (colloq) GB passer un savon (colloq) à quelqu'un

to know what's what — s'y connaître

well, what do you know — iron tout arrive

what do you think I am! — (colloq) tu me prends pour quoi!

what's it to you? — (colloq) en quoi ça vous regarde?

English-French dictionary > what
12 one

1. noun
1) (the number or figure 1: One and one is two (1 + 1 = 2).) uno

2) (the age of 1: Babies start to talk at one.) un año

2. pronoun
1) (a single person or thing: She's the one I like the best; I'll buy the red one.)

2) (anyone; any person: One can see the city from here.)

3. adjective
1) (1 in number: one person; He took one book.) un

2) (aged 1: The baby will be one tomorrow.) de un año

3) (of the same opinion etc: We are one in our love of freedom.) unidos

•

- one-
- oneself
- one-night stand
- one-off
- one-parent family
- one-sided
- one-way
- one-year-old
4. adjective
((of a person, animal or thing) that is one year old.) de un año

- all one
- be one up on a person
- be one up on
- not be oneself
- one and all
- one another
- one by one
- one or two

one¹ adj

1. un

she only had one shoe on sólo llevaba puesto un zapato

why don't we go out together one day soon? ¿por qué no salimos juntos un día de estos?

2. único

it's my one chance es mi única oportunidad

3. mismo

they all ran in one direction todos corrieron en la misma dirección

one² num uno

one, two, three uno, dos, tres

it's one o'clock es la una

one³ pron

1. uno

I want one too yo también quiero uno

2.

which one? ¿cuál?

this one / that one éste / ése

the blue one el azul

3. el que

the one I bought you el que te compré

one another el uno al otro

they were insulting one another se estaban insultando

we love one another nos queremos

one

tr[wʌn]

adjective

1 (stating number) un, una

■ I've got one brother tengo un hermano

■ there's one biscuit left queda una galleta

■ one hundred cien

2 (unspecified, a certain) un, una, algún,-una

■ one day in January un día de enero

■ come for supper one evening ven a cenar una noche

3 (only, single) único,-a

■ the one way to get on in life la única manera de tener éxito en la vida

■ the one and only James Brown el inimitable James Brown

4 (same) mismo,-a

■ in one direction en la misma dirección

■ one and the same thing la misma cosa

5 (with names) un,-a tal

■ one Bill Burroughs un tal Bill Burroughs

pronoun

1 (thing) uno,-a

■ a red one uno,-a rojo,-a

■ this one éste,-a

■ that one ése,-a, aquél,-la

■ which one? ¿cuál?

■ the small one el pequeño, la pequeña

■ the other one el otro, la otra

2 (drink) una copa

■ let's have a quick one tomemos una copa rápida

■ you've had one too many has bebido más de la cuenta

3 (person) el, la

■ he's the one who I was telling you about es él de quien te estaba hablando

■ she's the one I paid the money to es a ella a quien le pagué el dinero

■ you're one of the family eres de la familia

4 (any person, you) uno, una

■ one can't think of everything uno no puede pensar en todo

■ one has to be patient hay que tener paciencia

■ one never knows nunca se sabe

noun

1 (number) uno

■ my son is one today mi hijo cumple un año hoy

■ there's only one left sólo queda uno

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

all in one de una (sola) pieza

a one un caso

■ you are a one! ¡eres un caso!

a right one un,-a idiota

as one / as one man como un solo hombre, todos a la vez

at one with en armonía con

in one (combined, together) a la vez, todo en uno 2 (in only one attempt) de una vez, de un golpe 3 (in one mouthful) de un trago

neither one thing nor the other ni carne ni pescado

one after another / one after the other uno,-a detrás de otro,-a

one and all todos,-as, todo el mundo

one another el uno al otro

■ we help one another nos ayudamos mutuamente

■ they love one another se quieren

one at a time de uno en uno

one by one de uno,-a en uno,-a, uno,-a tras otro,-a

to be one to... ser dado,-a a..., ser de los/las que...

■ I'm not one to gossip no me gusta chismorrear, no soy de las que chismorrean

one ['wʌn] adj

1) (being a single unit) : un, una

he only wants one apple: sólo quiere una manzana

2) (being a particular one) : un, una

he arrived early one morning: llegó temprano una mañana

3) (being the same) : mismo, misma

they're all members of one team: todos son miembros del mismo equipo

one and the same thing: la misma cosa

4) some: alguno, alguna; un, una

I'll see you again one day: algún día te veré otra vez

at one time or another: en una u otra ocasión

one n

1) : uno m (número)

2) (indicating the first of a set or series)

from day one: desde el primer momento

3) (indicating a single person or thing)

the one (girl) on the right: la de la derecha

he has the one but needs the other: tiene uno pero necesita el otro

one pron

1) : uno, una

one of his friends: una de sus amigas

one never knows: uno nunca sabe, nunca se sabe

to cut one's finger: cortarse el dedo

2)

one and all : todos, todo el mundo

3)

one another : el uno al otro, se

they loved one another: se amaban

4)

that one : aquél, aquella

5)

which one? : ¿cuál?

one

adj.

• igual adj.

• solo, -a adj.

• un tal adj.

• uno, -a adj.

• único, -a adj.

art.

• un art.

• una art.

n.

• uno s.m.

pron.

• alguno pron.

• la una (hora) pron.

• uno pron.

I wʌn
noun

1)

a) ( number) uno m

has anybody got five ones? — ¿alguien tiene cinco billetes de un dólar (or un peso etc)?

to be at one with somebody/something — estar* en paz or en armonía con alguien/algo; see also four I

b) ( elliptical use)

he's nearly one — tiene casi un año

it's nearly one — es casi la una

it was interesting in more ways than one — fue interesante en más de un sentido/en muchos sentidos

the chances are one in a million — la probabilidad es de uno en un millón

I only want the one — sólo quiero uno/una

did you see many cows? - one or two — ¿viste muchas vacas? - alguna que otra

2) (in phrases)

as one: they rose as one se pusieron de pie todos a la vez or como un solo hombre; for one por lo pronto; who's going? - well, I am for one ¿quién va? - yo, por lo pronto; in one: it's a TV and a video in one es televisión y vídeo a la vez or todo en uno; one by one — uno a uno, uno por uno

II

adjective

1)

a) ( stating number) un, una

one button/pear — un botón/una pera

one hundred — cien

one thousand, three hundred — mil trescientos

one fifth of the population — la quinta parte de la población

b) (certain, particular)

one boy was tall, the other short — uno de los niños era alto, el otro era bajo

one window looks out over the park — una de las ventanas da al parque

2)

a) ( single)

she was the one person I trusted — era la única persona en quien confiaba

it is too much for any one person — es demasiado para una sola persona

there is not one shred of evidence — no existe ni la más mínima prueba

the one and only Frank Sinatra — el incomparable or inimitable Frank Sinatra

my one and only coat is at the cleaners — el único abrigo que tengo or mi único abrigo está en la tintorería

b) ( same) mismo, misma

we drank out of the one glass cup — bebimos del mismo vaso/de la misma taza

Clark Kent and Superman are one and the same — Clark Kent y Superman son la misma persona

3) ( unspecified) un, una

you must come over one evening — tienes que venir una noche

I'll get even with you one day — algún día me las pagarás

4) ( with names)

in the name of one John Smith/Sarah Brown — a nombre de un tal John Smith/una tal Sarah Brown

III

pronoun

1) ( thing)

this one — éste/ésta

that one — ése/ésa

which one? — ¿cuál?

the one on the right/left — el/la de la derecha/izquierda

the ones on the table — los/las que están en la mesa

the blue ones — los/las azules

I want the big one — quiero el/la grande

it's my last one — es el último/la última que me queda

one of the oldest cities in Europe — una de las ciudades más antiguas de Europa

every one of them was broken — todos estaban rotos

he's had one too many — ha bebido de más, ha bebido más de la cuenta

have you heard the one about... ? — ¿has oído el chiste de... ?

he ate all the apples one after another o the other — se comió todas las manzanas, una detrás de otra

2) ( person)

the one on the right's my cousin — el/la de la derecha es mi primo/prima

it could be any one of us — podría ser cualquiera de nosotros

our loved ones — nuestros seres queridos

he's a sly one, that Jack Tibbs — es un zorro ese Jack Tibbs

I'm not one to gossip, but... — no me gustan los chismes pero...

one after another o the other — uno tras otro or detrás de otro

IV

pronoun uno, una

one simply never knows — realmente nunca se sabe or uno nunca sabe

it certainly makes one think — le da que pensar a uno

one another — each other, each II 2)

[wʌn]
1. ADJ

1) (=number) un/una; (before sing noun) un

one man — un hombre

one man out of two — uno de cada dos hombres

the baby is one (year old) — el bebé tiene un año

it's one (o'clock) — es la una

• for one reason or another — por diferentes razones

• the last but one — el penúltimo/la penúltima

• one or two people — algunas personas

• that's one way of doing it — esa es una forma or una de las maneras de hacerlo

2) (indefinite) un/una, cierto

one day — un día, cierto día

one cold winter's day — un día frío de invierno

one hot July evening — una tarde de julio de mucho calor

one Pérez — un tal Pérez

3) (=sole) único

his one worry — su única preocupación

the one way to do it — la única forma de hacerlo

• no one man could do it — ningún hombre podría hacerlo por sí solo

• the one and only difficulty — la única dificultad

the one and only Charlie Chaplin — el único e incomparable Charlot

4) (=same) mismo

all in one direction — todos en la misma dirección

• it's all one — es lo mismo

it's all one to me — me da igual, me da lo mismo

• they are one and the same — son el mismo

they are one and the same person — son la misma persona

it is one and the same thing — es la misma cosa

5) (=united)

God is one — Dios es uno

• they all shouted as one — todos gritaron a una

• to become one — casarse

• to be one with sth — formar un conjunto con algo

2.

N (=figure) uno m

I belted him one * — le di un guantazo

• one and six(pence) — (Brit) † un chelín y seis peniques

• to be at one (with sb) — estar completamente de acuerdo (con algn)

to be at one with o.s. — estar en paz consigo mismo

• to go one better than sb — tomar la ventaja or la delantera a algn

but John went one better — pero Juan lo hizo mejor

• she's cook and housekeeper in one — es a la vez cocinera y ama de llaves

it's made all in one — está hecho en una sola pieza

you've got it in one! * — ¡y que lo digas! *

• in ones and twos — en pequeños grupos

they came in ones and twos — vinieron uno a uno y en parejas

• to be one up — (Sport etc) llevar un punto/gol etc de ventaja

that puts us one up — (Sport etc) eso nos da un punto/gol etc de ventaja

to be one up on sb — llevar ventaja a algn
fast I, 1., 1), quick 1., 3), road 1., 2)
3. PRON

1) (indefinite) uno/una

have you got one? — ¿tienes uno?

there is only one left — queda uno solamente

his message is one of pessimism — su mensaje es pesimista, el suyo es un mensaje pesimista

• one after the other — uno tras otro

• one and all — todos sin excepción, todo el mundo

• one by one — uno tras otro, uno a uno

• I for one am not going — yo, por mi parte, no voy

• not one — ni uno

• one of them — uno de ellos

any one of us — cualquiera de nosotros

he's one of the group — es del grupo, forma parte del grupo

he's one of the family now — ya es de la familia

• the one..., the other... — uno..., el otro...

you can't buy one without the other — no se puede comprar el uno sin el otro

price of one — precio m de la unidad

two for the price of one — dos por el precio de uno

• one or two — unos pocos

2) (specific)

this one — este/esta

that one — ese/esa, aquel/aquella

this one is better than that one — este es mejor que ese

which one do you want? — ¿cuál quieres?

the white dress and the grey one — el vestido blanco y el gris

who wants these red ones? — ¿quién quiere estos colorados?

what about this little one? — ¿y este pequeñito or (esp LAm) chiquito?

that's a difficult one — esa sí que es difícil
In the past the standard spelling for [este/esta], [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] as pronouns was with an accent ([éste/ésta],[ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ([este/esta], [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella]).
3) (relative)

the one who, the one that — el/la que

the ones who, the ones that — los/las que

they were the ones who told us — ellos fueron quienes nos lo dijeron

he looked like one who had seen a ghost — tenía el aspecto del que acababa de ver un fantasma

to one who can read between the lines — para el que sabe leer entre líneas

the one on the floor — el que está en el suelo

one more sensitive would have fainted — una persona de mayor sensibilidad se hubiera desmayado

4) (=person)

he's a clever one — es un taimado

he's the troublesome one — él es el revoltoso

• you are a one! — ¡qué cosas dices/haces!

• our dear ones — nuestros seres queridos

• the Evil One — el demonio

• you're a fine one! * — ¡menuda pieza estás tú hecho! *

• he's one for the ladies — tiene éxito con las mujeres

he's a great one for chess — es muy bueno al ajedrez

he's a great one for arguing — es de los que les encanta discutir

• the little ones — los pequeños, los chiquillos

• never a one — ni uno siquiera

• he is not one to protest — no es de los que protestan

he's not much of a one for sweets — no le gustan mucho los dulces

5)

• one another, they kissed one another — se besaron (el uno al otro)

they all kissed one another — se besaron (unos a otros)

do you see one another much? — ¿se ven mucho?

it's a year since we saw one another — hace un año que no nos vemos

6) (impers) uno/una

one never knows — nunca se sabe

one must eat — hay que comer

one has one's pride — uno tiene cierto amor propio

one's life is not really safe — la vida de uno no tiene seguridad

one's opinion does not count — la opinión de uno no cuenta

to cut one's finger — cortarse el dedo

* * *

I [wʌn]
noun

1)

a) ( number) uno m

has anybody got five ones? — ¿alguien tiene cinco billetes de un dólar (or un peso etc)?

to be at one with somebody/something — estar* en paz or en armonía con alguien/algo; see also four I

b) ( elliptical use)

he's nearly one — tiene casi un año

it's nearly one — es casi la una

it was interesting in more ways than one — fue interesante en más de un sentido/en muchos sentidos

the chances are one in a million — la probabilidad es de uno en un millón

I only want the one — sólo quiero uno/una

did you see many cows? - one or two — ¿viste muchas vacas? - alguna que otra

2) (in phrases)

as one: they rose as one se pusieron de pie todos a la vez or como un solo hombre; for one por lo pronto; who's going? - well, I am for one ¿quién va? - yo, por lo pronto; in one: it's a TV and a video in one es televisión y vídeo a la vez or todo en uno; one by one — uno a uno, uno por uno

II

adjective

1)

a) ( stating number) un, una

one button/pear — un botón/una pera

one hundred — cien

one thousand, three hundred — mil trescientos

one fifth of the population — la quinta parte de la población

b) (certain, particular)

one boy was tall, the other short — uno de los niños era alto, el otro era bajo

one window looks out over the park — una de las ventanas da al parque

2)

a) ( single)

she was the one person I trusted — era la única persona en quien confiaba

it is too much for any one person — es demasiado para una sola persona

there is not one shred of evidence — no existe ni la más mínima prueba

the one and only Frank Sinatra — el incomparable or inimitable Frank Sinatra

my one and only coat is at the cleaners — el único abrigo que tengo or mi único abrigo está en la tintorería

b) ( same) mismo, misma

we drank out of the one glass cup — bebimos del mismo vaso/de la misma taza

Clark Kent and Superman are one and the same — Clark Kent y Superman son la misma persona

3) ( unspecified) un, una

you must come over one evening — tienes que venir una noche

I'll get even with you one day — algún día me las pagarás

4) ( with names)

in the name of one John Smith/Sarah Brown — a nombre de un tal John Smith/una tal Sarah Brown

III

pronoun

1) ( thing)

this one — éste/ésta

that one — ése/ésa

which one? — ¿cuál?

the one on the right/left — el/la de la derecha/izquierda

the ones on the table — los/las que están en la mesa

the blue ones — los/las azules

I want the big one — quiero el/la grande

it's my last one — es el último/la última que me queda

one of the oldest cities in Europe — una de las ciudades más antiguas de Europa

every one of them was broken — todos estaban rotos

he's had one too many — ha bebido de más, ha bebido más de la cuenta

have you heard the one about... ? — ¿has oído el chiste de... ?

he ate all the apples one after another o the other — se comió todas las manzanas, una detrás de otra

2) ( person)

the one on the right's my cousin — el/la de la derecha es mi primo/prima

it could be any one of us — podría ser cualquiera de nosotros

our loved ones — nuestros seres queridos

he's a sly one, that Jack Tibbs — es un zorro ese Jack Tibbs

I'm not one to gossip, but... — no me gustan los chismes pero...

one after another o the other — uno tras otro or detrás de otro

IV

pronoun uno, una

one simply never knows — realmente nunca se sabe or uno nunca sabe

it certainly makes one think — le da que pensar a uno

one another — each other, each II 2)

English-spanish dictionary > one
13 one

one [wʌn]

un/une ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (e)-(h) seul ⇒ 1 (c) même ⇒ 1 (d) on ⇒ 2B

1 adjective

(a) (in expressions of age, date, measurement etc) un (une);

∎ one dollar un dollar;

∎ one pound une livre;

∎ one and a half kilos un kilo et demi;

∎ twenty-one apples vingt et une pommes;

∎ one million un million;

∎ one thousand mille;

∎ at one o'clock à une heure;

∎ he'll be one (year old) in June il aura un an en juin;

∎ on page one (of book) (à la) page un; (of newspaper) à la une;

∎ one fifty (a hundred and fifty) cent cinquante; (one pound and fifty pence) une livre cinquante (pence); (one dollar fifty cents) un dollar cinquante (cents); (time) deux heures moins dix, une heure cinquante;

∎ one or two (a few) un/une ou deux;

∎ a million or a thousand and one (a lot) un millier de;

∎ the odds are (at) ten to one la cote est à dix contre un;

∎ it's ten to one that or American one will get you ten that he's at the office je parie (à) dix contre un qu'il est au bureau

(b) (referring to a single object or person) un (une);

∎ one American in two un Américain sur deux;

∎ only one answer is correct il n'y a qu'une seule bonne réponse;

∎ at any one time au même moment;

∎ one car looks much like another to me pour moi, toutes les voitures se ressemblent;

∎ take one half and give him the other prends-en une moitié et donne-lui l'autre;

∎ one member one vote = système de scrutin "un homme, une voix"

(c) (only, single) seul, unique;

∎ my one mistake ma seule erreur;

∎ the one woman who knows la seule femme qui soit au courant;

∎ no one man should have that responsibility c'est trop de responsabilité pour un seul homme;

∎ not one family was spared pas une (seule) famille ne fut épargnée

(d) (same) même;

∎ they all arrived on the one day ils sont tous arrivés le même jour;

∎ the two wanted men are in fact one and the same person les deux hommes recherchés sont en fait une seule et même personne;

∎ to be of one mind (with sb on sth) être du même avis (que qn sur qch);

∎ it's all one to me ça m'est égal

(e) (instead of "a")

∎ if there's one thing I hate it's rudeness s'il y a une chose que je n'aime pas, c'est bien la grossièreté;

∎ for one thing it's too late d'abord, c'est trop tard;

∎ one thing at a time chaque chose en son temps;

∎ one thing you'll need to know is… il y a quelque chose qu'il vous faudra savoir…;

∎ we had one customer once who wouldn't leave une fois on a eu un client qui ne voulait pas partir

(f) (a certain)

∎ I was introduced to one Ian Bell on m'a présenté un certain Ian Bell

(g) (indicating indefinite time)

∎ one day you'll understand un jour, tu comprendras;

∎ one evening in July un soir de juillet;

∎ early one morning un matin de bonne heure

(h) familiar (as intensifier)

∎ that's one fine car! c'est une sacrée bagnole!;

∎ the room was one big mess! il y avait une de ces pagailles dans la pièce!;

∎ it's been one hell of a day! quelle journée!^□

2 pronoun

A.

(a) (person, thing)

∎ which one lequel (laquelle) m,f;

∎ this one celui-ci (celle-ci) m,f;

∎ that one celui-là (celle-là) m,f;

∎ the other one l'autre mf;

∎ the right one le (la) bon (bonne);

∎ the wrong one le (la) mauvais(e);

∎ which one do you prefer? lequel (laquelle) préférez-vous?;

∎ which ones? lesquels?;

∎ these ones ceux-ci (celles-ci) mpl, fpl;

∎ those ones ceux-là (celles-là) mpl, fpl;

∎ which dog? - the one that's barking quel chien? - celui qui aboie;

∎ which cars? - the ones you like quelles voitures? - celles que tu aimes;

∎ the one I spoke of celui dont j'ai parlé;

∎ he's the one who did it c'est lui qui l'a fait;

∎ one of my colleagues is sick (l')un de mes collègues est malade;

∎ one of the bulbs has fused (l')une des ampoules a grillé;

∎ one of them l'un d'entre eux, l'un d'eux;

∎ give me one of them donnez-m'en un;

∎ she's one of us elle est des nôtres;

∎ any one of us n'importe lequel d'entre nous;

∎ that's one of my favourite restaurants c'est (l')un de mes restaurants préférés;

∎ he's one of my many admirers c'est un de mes nombreux admirateurs;

∎ I've only got one je n'en ai qu'un;

∎ there's only one left il n'en reste qu'un;

∎ I was the only one there j'étais le seul à me trouver là;

∎ have you seen one? en avez-vous vu un?;

∎ two for the price of one deux pour le prix d'un;

∎ one or other l'un d'eux;

∎ one after the other l'un après l'autre;

∎ you can't have one without the other l'un ne va pas sans l'autre;

∎ take the new one prends le nouveau;

∎ the scheme was a good one on paper le plan était excellent en théorie;

∎ she's eaten all the ripe ones elle a mangé tous ceux qui étaient mûrs/toutes celles qui étaient mûres;

∎ our loved or dear ones ceux qui nous sont chers;

∎ the mother and her little ones la mère et ses petits;

∎ she's my littlest one c'est ma plus jeune ou ma petite dernière;

∎ he's a strange one, that boy il est bizarre, ce garçon;

∎ British familiar ooh, you are a one! toi, alors!;

∎ British familiar he's a right one he is! lui alors!;

∎ familiar I'm not much of a one or I'm not a great one for cheese je ne raffole pas du fromage;

∎ she's a great one for computers c'est une mordue d'informatique;

∎ she's one in a million or thousand c'est une perle rare;

∎ I'm not one to gossip but… je ne suis pas du genre commère mais…;

∎ I want the opinion of one better able to judge je voudrais avoir l'opinion de quelqu'un qui soit plus capable de juger;

∎ familiar there's one born every minute! comment peut-on être aussi stupide!^□ ;

∎ one and all tous (sans exception);

∎ one at a time un à la fois;

∎ proverb one for all and all for one un pour tous et tous pour un;

∎ familiar to get one over on sb avoir l'avantage sur qn^□

(b) (joke, story, question etc)

∎ have you heard the one about the two postmen? tu connais celle des deux facteurs?;

∎ that's a good one! elle est bien bonne celle-là!;

∎ that's a hard one (a difficult question) vous me posez une colle;

∎ that's an easy one c'est facile;

∎ the question is one of great importance cette question est d'une grande importance;

∎ you'll have to solve this one yourself il faudra que tu règles ça tout seul

(c) familiar (drink)

∎ do you fancy a quick one? on prend un verre en vitesse?^□ ;

∎ to have had one too many avoir bu un coup de trop

(d) familiar (blow)

∎ to hit or thump or belt sb one en coller une à qn

(e) British familiar

∎ to go into one (lose one's temper) péter les plombs, péter une durite

(f) very familiar

∎ to give sb one (have sex with) en glisser une paire à qn

(g) Knitting

∎ to make one faire une augmentation, augmenter d'une maille

(h) Stock Exchange unité f;

∎ to issue shares in ones émettre des actions en unités

B.

(a) formal (as subject) on; (as object or after preposition) vous;

∎ if one loses one's or American his temper si on se met en colère;

∎ one can only do one's or American his best on fait ce qu'on peut;

∎ it is enough to make one weep il y a de quoi vous faire pleurer;

∎ it certainly makes one think ça fait réfléchir, c'est sûr

(b) (with infinitive forms)

∎ to wash one's hands se laver les mains;

∎ to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre ses ou les mains dans les poches

3 at one adverb

∎ formal to be at one with sb/sth être en harmonie avec qn/qch;

∎ she felt at one with the world elle se sentait en harmonie avec le monde

4 for one adverb

∎ I for one am disappointed pour ma part, je suis déçu;

∎ I know that Gillian for one is against it je sais que Gillian est contre en tout cas

5 in one adverb

(a) (combined)

∎ all in one à la fois;

∎ she's a writer, actress and director (all) in one elle est à la fois scénariste, actrice et metteur en scène;

∎ two volumes in one deux volumes en un;

∎ a useful three-in-one kitchen knife un couteau de cuisine très utile avec ses trois fonctions

(b) (at one attempt) du premier coup;

∎ he did it in one il l'a fait en un seul coup;

∎ familiar got it in one! du premier coup!^□

6 in ones and twos adverb

∎ they arrived in ones and twos ils arrivèrent les uns après les autres;

∎ people stood around in ones and twos les gens se tenaient là par petits groupes

7 one another pronoun

(two people) l'un l'autre (l'une l'autre) m,f; (more than two people) les uns les autres (les unes les autres) mpl, fpl;

∎ they didn't dare talk to one another ils n'ont pas osé se parler;

∎ we love one another nous nous aimons;

∎ the group meet in one another's homes le groupe se réunit chez l'un ou chez l'autre;

∎ they respect one another (two people) ils ont du respect l'un pour l'autre; (more than two people) ils se respectent les uns les autres;

∎ you can copy one another's notes (two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes l'un sur l'autre; (more than two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes les uns sur les autres

8 one by one adverb

un par un (une par une)

►► the One Thousand Guineas = course de chevaux qui se déroule à Newmarket en Angleterre

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > one
14 one *****

[wʌn]
1. adj

1) uno (-a)

one day — un giorno

one cold winter's day — una fredda giornata d'inverno

one hundred and fifty — centocinquanta

the baby is one (year old) — il bambino ha un anno

it's one (o'clock) — è l'una

one or two people — una o due persone, un paio di persone

for one reason or another — per un motivo o per l'altro

twenty-one years ago — ventun'anni fa

that's one way of doing it — questo è uno dei modi per farlo

2) (sole) unico (-a), solo (-a)

his one worry — la sua unica or sola preoccupazione

no one man could do it — nessuno potrebbe farlo da solo

one and only — unico (-a)

the one and only Charlie Chaplin — l'inimitabile Charlie Chaplin

the one man who — il solo or l'unico che

the one book which... — l'unico libro che...

3) (same) stesso (-a)

they are one and the same person — sono la stessa persona

it is one and the same thing — è la stessa cosa

in the one car — nella stessa macchina

2. n

uno (-a)

one after the other — uno (-a) dopo l'altro (-a)

one and all — tutti

to be at one (with sb) — andare d'accordo (con qn)

I belted him one fam — gli ho mollato un cazzotto

to go one better than sb — fare meglio di qn

one by one — a uno (-a) a uno (-a)

I for one am not going — per quanto mi riguarda non ci vado

to have one for the road — bere il bicchiere della staffa

one hundred and one — cento uno

in ones and twos — a piccoli gruppi

she's cook and housekeeper in one — è contemporaneamente cuoca e governante

twenty-one — ventuno

to be one up on sb — essere avvantaggiato (-a) rispetto a qn

3. pron

1)

this one — questo (-a)

any one of us — chiunque or uno qualsiasi di noi

our dear ones — i nostri cari

that's a difficult one — quello è un osso duro

you're a fine one! fam — sei un bel tipo!

he's a great one for chess — va matto per gli scacchi

I'll have the grey one — prenderò quello grigio

have you got one? — ne hai uno?

what about this little one? — cosa ne dici di questo piccolino?

the little ones — i bambini, i piccoli

he is not one to protest — non è il tipo che protesta

one or two of the books were damaged — c'erano un paio di libri rovinati

one of them — uno (-a) di loro

I lost one of them — ne ho perso uno

one or two — uno (-a) o due

that one — quello (-a)

the one on the floor — quello (-a) sul pavimento

the one who (or that or which) — quello (-a) che

the ones who (or that or which) — quelli (-e) che

which one do you want? — quale vuoi?

2)

one another — l'un l'altro (-a)

they all kissed one another — si baciarono tutti a vicenda

do you see one another much? — vi vedete spesso?

3)

(impersonal) to cut one's finger — tagliarsi un dito

one never knows — non si sa mai

one must eat — bisogna mangiare

to express one's opinion — esprimere la propria opinione

English-Italian dictionary > one *****
15 that

1. ðæt plural - those; adjective
(used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

2. pronoun
(used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun
(used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)

4. ðət, ðæt conjunction
1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que

2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá

5.
adverb
(so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan

- like that
- that's that

that¹ adj ese / aquel

who lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?

did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?

El plural de that es those

what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?

that² adv tan

I can't run that fast no puedo correr tan rápido

that³ conj que

I hope that you are well espero que estés bien

she's the girl that won the race es la chica que ganó la carrera

that⁴ pron

1. ése / aquél

that's yours ése es el tuyo

2. eso

I don't want that no quiero eso

that's right eso es

El plural de that es those

those are mine aquéllos son míos

that

tr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]

adjective (pl those)

1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella

■ look at that woman mira a aquella mujer

■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?

■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?

■ just at that moment justo en aquel instante

■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?

pronoun (pl those)

1 ése nombre masculino, ésa (remote) aquél nombre masculino, aquélla

■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?

■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo

■ this one's much nicer than that éste es mucho más bonito que aquél

2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello

■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?

■ don't do that no hagas eso

■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?

■ that's why I didn't go por eso no fui

3 (relative) que

■ the man that lives upstairs is a writer el hombre que vive arriba es escritor

■ I really like the book (that) you gave me me encanta el libro que me regalaste

■ this is the most difficult job (that) I've ever done este es el trabajo más difícil que he hecho

4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual

■ this is the book (that) I was telling you about éste es el libro de que te hablaba

■ the day (that) we met el día (en el) que nos conocimos

conjunction

1 que

■ I know (that) it's true sé que es verdad

■ he said (that) he was a policeman dijo que era policía

■ the problem is that I don't speak French el problema es que no hablo francés

■ she was so happy (that) she danced in the street estaba tan contenta que bailó en la calle

■ give me the money so (that) I can buy a present dame el dinero para que pueda comprar un regalo

2 ¡ojalá!

■ oh that I were rich ojalá fuera rico

adverb

1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as

■ it's not that expensive no es tan caro

■ it isn't that cold no hace tanto frío

■ it wasn't that bad no fue tan malo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and all that y todo eso

like that así, de aquella manera

that is to say es decir

that's it (that's all) eso es todo 2 (that's right) eso es 3 (that's enough) se acabó

that's life así es la vida

that's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!

that's right así es

that's that ya está, se acabó

who's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?

that ['ðæt] adv, (in negative constructions) : tan

it's not that expensive: no es tan caro

not that much: no tanto

that adj, pl those : ese, esa, aquel, aquella

do you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?

that conj & pron

: que

he said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedo

the book that he wrote: el libro que escribió

that pron, pl those ['ðo:z]

1) : ése, ésa, eso

that's my father: ése es mi padre

those are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustan

what's that?: ¿qué es eso?

2) (referring to more distant objects or time) : aquél, aquélla, aquello

those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmos

that came to an end: aquello se acabó

that

adj.

• esa adj.

• ese adj.

adj.dem.

• aquel adj.dem.

adv.

• como adv.

• tan adv.

conj.

• ese conj.

• para que conj.

• que conj.

pron.

• aquello pron.

• aquél pron.

• el cual pron.

• ese pron.

• eso pron.

• que pron.

• quien pron.

• tanto pron.

pron.dem.neut.

• aquello pron.dem.neut.

I ðæt
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II ðæt
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III ðət, strong form ðæt
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV ðæt
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

(strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.
1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

1) [+ objects/people]
You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella f
that book — ese libro

that hill over there — aquella colina de allí

that car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final

that lad of yours — ese chico tuyo

that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!

what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?

• I only met her that once — la vi solamente aquella vez

• that one — ese(-a), ése(-a); (more remote) aquel(la), aquél(la)
In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].
there's little to choose between this model and that one — no hay mucho que elegir entre este modelo y aquel

2) [+ event, year, month]

Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:
do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?

1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año

May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa

2.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
The pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)
who's that? — ¿quién es ese?

what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?

that's my French teacher over there — aquel es mi profesor de francés

that's my sister over by the window — aquella de la ventana es mi hermana

that's Joe — es Joe

is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?

£5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)

that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)

that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!

1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?

"will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!

• after that — después de eso

• bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas así

that's all I can tell you — eso es todo lo que puedo decirte

is that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?

she's not as stupid as (all) that — no es tan estúpida como para eso

• and it was broken at that — y además estaba roto

I realized he meant to speak to me and at that I panicked — me di cuenta de que quería hablar conmigo y entonces me entró el pánico

• what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?

• if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso

• it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega

• that is — (=ie) es decir...

• that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminado

they get their wages and that's it — tienen un sueldo y eso es todo

that's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!

• that of — el/la de

a hurricane like that of 1987 — un huracán como el de 1987

a recession like that of 1973-74 — una recesión como la de 1973-1974

• that is to say — es decir...

• why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?

• with that — con eso

- that's that: you can't go and that's that

- so that was that

3. RELATIVE PRONOUN
Unlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.
1) que

the man that came in — el hombre que entró

the book that I read — el libro que leí

the houses that I painted — las casas que pinté

the girl that he met on holiday and later married — la chica que conoció durante las vacaciones y con la que después se casó

all that I have — todo lo que tengo

fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!

2) (with preposition)
If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:
the actor that I was telling you about — el actor del que te hablaba

the car that she got into — el coche al que se subió

the film that I read about in the papers — la película sobre la que leí en el periódico

the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse

a planet that satellites go round — un planeta alrededor del cual giran satélites

3) (in expressions of time)

the evening that we went to the theatre — la tarde (en) que fuimos al teatro

the summer that it was so hot — el verano que hizo tanto calor

4. ADVERB

1) (=so) tan

that far — tan lejos

he can't be that clever — no puede ser tan inteligente

I didn't know he was that ill — no sabía que estuviera tan enfermo

it's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande

• cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!

• that many frogs — tantas ranas

• that much money — tanto dinero

2) * (=so very) tan

he was that wild — estaba tan furioso

it was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!

5. CONJUNCTION
Unlike that, que cannot be omitted.
1) after verb que

he said that... — dijo que...

he said that he was going to London and would be back in the evening — dijo que se iba a Londres y (que) volvería por la tarde

I believe that he exists — creo que existe

2) after noun
Translate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:

• any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo

• the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo

•..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuesto

• oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!

3) 'that' clause as subject
If the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:
that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera
In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:
that he refuses is natural — (el) que rehúse es natural

that he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así
would
4) (=in order that) para que + subjun

it was done (so) that he might sleep — se hizo para que pudiera dormir

those who fought and died that we might live — los que lucharon y murieron para que nosotros pudiésemos vivir

5)

• in that — en el sentido de que

it's an attractive investment in that it is tax-free — es una inversión atractiva en el sentido de que está exenta de impuestos

* * *

I [ðæt]
pronoun

1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

that's why she never went back — por eso nunca volvió

who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

those who have been less fortunate — los que no han tenido tanta suerte

is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

2) (in phrases)

at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

for all that — por eso

he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) que

a voice that reminded him of somebody — una voz que le recordaba a alguien

it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)

the reason (that) she resigned — el motivo por el que dimitió

the way (that) he spoke — la forma en que habló

II [ðæt]
adjective (pl those) ese, esa

those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

those — aquellos, aquellas

do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

those two records — esos dos discos

I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa

I like those yellow ones — me gustan ésos amarillos

in those days — en aquellos tiempos

it's been one of those days — ha sido uno de esos días en que todo sale mal

III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]
conjunction que

she said (that)... — dijo que...

the news that our team had won — la noticia de que nuestro equipo había ganado

I'm glad (that) you're here — me alegro de que estés aquí

she talks so fast that I can't understand — habla tan rápido que no le entiendo

it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir

IV [ðæt]
adverb tan

ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

she can't be all that stupid — no es posible que sea tan tonta

English-spanish dictionary > that
16 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
17 whichever

relative adjective, relative pronoun

1) (any (one(s)) that: I'll take whichever (books) you don't want; The prize will go to whichever of them writes the best essay.) cualquier; el/la que

2) (no matter which (one(s)): Whichever way I turned, I couldn't escape.) cualquier

whichever adj pron el que / la que / cualquiera

take whichever cake you like coge el pastel que quieras

whichever

tr[wɪʧ'evə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adjective

1 (any one) cualquier, el/la que

■ take whichever book you like best coge el libro que más te guste

2 (no matter which) cualquiera que, no importa

■ whichever way you look at it no importa cómo lo mires

3 (interrogative) cuál

■ whichever coat did you buy? ¿cuál de los abrigos compraste?

pronoun

1 cualquiera, el/la que

■ take whichever you want coge el que quieras

2 (interrogative) cuál

■ whichever did you choose? ¿cuál escogiste?

whichever [hwɪʧ'ɛvər] adj

: el (la) que, cualquiera que

whichever book you like: cualquier libro que te guste

whichever pron

: el (la) que, cualquiera que

take whichever you want: toma el que quieras

whichever I choose: cualquiera que elija

whichever

adj.

• cualquier adj.

pron.

• cualquier pron.

• cualquiera pron.

• quienquiera pron.

I hwɪtʃ'evər, wɪtʃ'evə(r)
pronoun

a) ( no matter which)

there are several options, but whichever you choose... — hay varias opciones, pero elijas la que elijas or cualquiera que elijas...

b) (the one, ones that)

buy whichever is cheaper — compra el que sea más barato

c) ( in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

II

adjective

a) ( no matter which)

whichever party is in power — sea cual sea or cualquiera que sea el partido que esté en el poder

whichever date you decide on, let me know in advance — elija la fecha que elija, hágamelo saber con anticipación

b) ( any that)

you can write about whichever subject you know best — puedes escribir sobre el tema que mejor conozcas, sea cual sea or fuere

c) ( in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

[wɪtʃ'evǝ(r)]
1. PRON

1) (=no matter which)

whichever of the methods you choose — cualquiera de los métodos que escojas, no importa el método que escojas

2) (=the one which) el/la que

choose whichever is easiest — elige el que sea más fácil

2. ADJ

1) (=no matter which)

whichever system you have there are difficulties — no importa el sistema que tengas, hay problemas, cualquiera que sea el sistema que tengas, hay problemas

whichever way you look at it — se mire como se mire

2) (=any, the... which) el... que/la... que

you can choose whichever system you want — puedes elegir el sistema que quieras

* * *

I [hwɪtʃ'evər, wɪtʃ'evə(r)]
pronoun

a) ( no matter which)

there are several options, but whichever you choose... — hay varias opciones, pero elijas la que elijas or cualquiera que elijas...

b) (the one, ones that)

buy whichever is cheaper — compra el que sea más barato

c) ( in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

II

adjective

a) ( no matter which)

whichever party is in power — sea cual sea or cualquiera que sea el partido que esté en el poder

whichever date you decide on, let me know in advance — elija la fecha que elija, hágamelo saber con anticipación

b) ( any that)

you can write about whichever subject you know best — puedes escribir sobre el tema que mejor conozcas, sea cual sea or fuere

c) ( in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáles

English-spanish dictionary > whichever
18 partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
1. НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
НКУ распределения и управления, включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания.
Примечание — В настоящем стандарте сокращение ЧИ НКУ используют для обозначения частично испытанных НКУ.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

EN

partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies PTTA
low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly, containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests
[IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

FR

-

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The Standard IEC 60439-1 differentiates between two categories of assemblies:
• TTA (Type-Tested Assembly)
• PTTA (Partially Type-Tested Assembly)
The term Type-Tested Assembly (TTA) is used to mean an assembly “conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance from the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with this standard”.
To be declared TTA an assembly shall meet at least one of the following conditions:
1. it is manufactured in a single example and subject to all the type tests required by the Standard;
2. it is similar to another assembly which has been subjected to all the type tests, that is it differs from the tested one only for details considered irrelevant for the results of the same tests and, consequently, for its performances, that is for its nominal characteristics;
3. it is part of a pre-established structural system subjected to type tests in some of the many possible arrangements chosen among the most significative ones which can be obtained by combining the system elements. It is the typical case of assemblies sold as loose components.

The term Partially Type-Tested Assembly (PTTA) is used to mean an assembly “containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements, provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests”.

A PTTA is an assembly which has been subjected to one part of the type tests, whereas the other ones have been replaced by some extrapolations (calculations) based on the experimental results obtained on assemblies which have already passed the type tests.

The distinction between TTA and PTTA is of no weight with respect to the declaration of conformity with the Standard IEC 60439-1, since the assembly must simply comply with it apart from its having been subject - totally (TTA) or partially (PTTA) - to type tests.

[ABB]

Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 различат две категории НКУ:
• ПИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания);
• ЧИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания).
Термин «НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания (ПИ НКУ) означает, что данное НКУ «соответствует без значительных отклонений типичному НКУ, испытанному согласно настоящему стандарту».
В соответствии с этим, ПИ НКУ должны отвечать, по крайней мере, одному из следующих условий:
1. НКУ изготовлено в одном экземпляре и прошло все типовые испытания согласно настоящему стандарту;
2. Данное НКУ аналогично другому НКУ, которое прошло все типовые испытания, и что отличия от испытанного НКУ, не влияют на результаты типовых испытаний и следовательно не влияют на эксплуатационные качества и номинальные характеристики.
3. Данное НКУ является частью сборки, подвергаемой таким же самым типовым испытаниям в одном из возможных вариантов монтажа, выбранного среди наиболее значимых путем комбинирования системных элементов. Это типичный случай НКУ, поставляемых в виде несмонтированных компонентов.

Термин «НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания (ЧИ НКУ)» обозначает НКУ «включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания».

ЧИ НКУ являются НКУ, в которых часть узлов прошла типовые испытания, а вместо испытания других узлов использованы результаты экстраполяции (вычисления) их технических характеристик, которые основаны на экспериментальных значениях характеристик тех узлов, которые ранее прошли требуемые типовые испытания.

Различие между ПИ НКУ и ЧИ НКУ не оказывают влияния на декларацию соответствия требованиям стандарта МЭК 60439-1, поскольку данные НКУ должны просто удовлетворять требованиям стандарта без учет того, являются ли они полностью испытанными (ПИ) или частично испытанными (ЧИ).

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
Классификация
>>>
Синонимы
- частично испытанное НКУ
- ЧИ НКУ
EN
- partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
- PTTA
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
19 PTTA
1. НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
НКУ распределения и управления, прошедшее частичные типовые испытания
НКУ распределения и управления, включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания.
Примечание — В настоящем стандарте сокращение ЧИ НКУ используют для обозначения частично испытанных НКУ.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

EN

partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies PTTA
low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly, containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests
[IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

FR

-

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

The Standard IEC 60439-1 differentiates between two categories of assemblies:
• TTA (Type-Tested Assembly)
• PTTA (Partially Type-Tested Assembly)
The term Type-Tested Assembly (TTA) is used to mean an assembly “conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance from the typical assembly verified to be in accordance with this standard”.
To be declared TTA an assembly shall meet at least one of the following conditions:
1. it is manufactured in a single example and subject to all the type tests required by the Standard;
2. it is similar to another assembly which has been subjected to all the type tests, that is it differs from the tested one only for details considered irrelevant for the results of the same tests and, consequently, for its performances, that is for its nominal characteristics;
3. it is part of a pre-established structural system subjected to type tests in some of the many possible arrangements chosen among the most significative ones which can be obtained by combining the system elements. It is the typical case of assemblies sold as loose components.

The term Partially Type-Tested Assembly (PTTA) is used to mean an assembly “containing both type-tested and non-type-tested arrangements, provided that the latter are derived (e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied with the relevant tests”.

A PTTA is an assembly which has been subjected to one part of the type tests, whereas the other ones have been replaced by some extrapolations (calculations) based on the experimental results obtained on assemblies which have already passed the type tests.

The distinction between TTA and PTTA is of no weight with respect to the declaration of conformity with the Standard IEC 60439-1, since the assembly must simply comply with it apart from its having been subject - totally (TTA) or partially (PTTA) - to type tests.

[ABB]

Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 различат две категории НКУ:
• ПИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания);
• ЧИ НКУ (НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания).
Термин «НКУ, прошедшие типовые испытания (ПИ НКУ) означает, что данное НКУ «соответствует без значительных отклонений типичному НКУ, испытанному согласно настоящему стандарту».
В соответствии с этим, ПИ НКУ должны отвечать, по крайней мере, одному из следующих условий:
1. НКУ изготовлено в одном экземпляре и прошло все типовые испытания согласно настоящему стандарту;
2. Данное НКУ аналогично другому НКУ, которое прошло все типовые испытания, и что отличия от испытанного НКУ, не влияют на результаты типовых испытаний и следовательно не влияют на эксплуатационные качества и номинальные характеристики.
3. Данное НКУ является частью сборки, подвергаемой таким же самым типовым испытаниям в одном из возможных вариантов монтажа, выбранного среди наиболее значимых путем комбинирования системных элементов. Это типичный случай НКУ, поставляемых в виде несмонтированных компонентов.

Термин «НКУ, прошедшие частичные типовые испытания (ЧИ НКУ)» обозначает НКУ «включающее в себя узлы, прошедшие типовые испытания, и узлы, не подвергаемые типовым испытаниям, при условии, что технические характеристики последних являются производными (полученными, например, расчетом) от технических характеристик подобных узлов, прошедших типовые испытания».

ЧИ НКУ являются НКУ, в которых часть узлов прошла типовые испытания, а вместо испытания других узлов использованы результаты экстраполяции (вычисления) их технических характеристик, которые основаны на экспериментальных значениях характеристик тех узлов, которые ранее прошли требуемые типовые испытания.

Различие между ПИ НКУ и ЧИ НКУ не оказывают влияния на декларацию соответствия требованиям стандарта МЭК 60439-1, поскольку данные НКУ должны просто удовлетворять требованиям стандарта без учет того, являются ли они полностью испытанными (ПИ) или частично испытанными (ЧИ).

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
Классификация
>>>
Синонимы
- частично испытанное НКУ
- ЧИ НКУ
EN
- partially type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
- PTTA
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > PTTA
20 one

[wʌn] 1. числ.
1) один ( число)

one book — одна книга

one million — один миллион

one half — половина

one third — одна третья

one pound ten — один фунт и десять пенсов

One from seven leaves six. — От семи отнять один будет шесть.

2) номер один, первый

Chapter One. — Глава первая / Глава 1.

- day one

•

Gram:

[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]one[/ref]

••

- in the year one
2. сущ.
1) единица ( цифра)

the row of ones — ряд единиц

Your ones are too like sevens. — Твои единички слишком похожи на семёрки.

a Roman one — римская цифра один

2) один, одиночка

Afterwards, sauntering by ones and twos, came the village maidens. — Потом, прогуливаясь поодиночке или парами, подошли деревенские девушки.

- one by one

3)

а) один год ( о возрасте)

John will be one soon. — Джону скоро исполнится годик.

б) час ( о моменте времени)

It's half past one. — Сейчас половина второго.

The train arrives at one twenty five. — Поезд прибывает в час двадцать пять.

в) первый размер ( одежды)

She wears a one. — Она носит первый.

г) однодолларовая купюра или купюра достоинством один фунт стерлингов

I counted the notes, which took a ridiculously long time as they were mostly in ones. — Я пересчитывал деньги, и это отняло у меня ужасно много времени, так как там были в основном однодолларовые купюры.

д) разг.; = quick one рюмка, стопка

Other members of the committee drifted in for a quick one before closing time. — Остальные члены комитета зашли в бар, чтобы успеть выпить по одной до закрытия.

- one for the road

е) разг. одно очко (в чью-л. пользу)

- go up one

- one-down

- one-up

- be one up
- get one up
- have one up
4) слово-заместитель, употребляющееся

а) во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого существительного

They are selling their house to move to a smaller one. — Они продают свой дом и переезжают в другой, поменьше.

His response is one of an anger and frustration. — Его ответная реакция - это раздражение и разочарование.

б) в значении "человек"

We are the only ones who know. — Только мы знаем об этом.

- great ones of the earth
- one for
- as one
5) разг. история, анекдот, байка

"Have you heard the one about the Red Book?" he said. We had not heard it, and it was very funny. — "Вы слышали анекдот про Красную книгу?" - спросил он. Мы никогда прежде не слышали этого анекдота, он оказался очень смешным.

Syn:

story I, anecdote, joke 1.

••

- at one
- all in one
- in one
- for one
- like one o'clock
- one too many
- one or two
- the one and the other
- become one
- be made one
- all one 3. прил.
1) единственный, уникальный

the one person she wanted to marry — единственный человек, за которого она хотела выйти замуж

His one regret is that he has never learnt English. — Единственное, о чём он жалеет, это то, что он так и не выучил английский.

Syn:

only 1., single 1.

2) определённый, единственный в своём роде

one fine person — один хороший человек

Syn:

certain 1., particular 1.

3) одинаковый, такой же

They are both of one species. — Оба они относятся к одному и тому же виду.

They all went off in one direction. — Все они удалились в одном и том же направлении.

- be at one

- all one

4) какой-то, некий, неопределённый

I will see you again one day. — Когда-нибудь мы снова увидимся.

Syn:

some 2.

5) очень, крайне ( употребляется вместо неопределённого артикля перед прилагательными)

That's one funny boy. — Он очень забавный.

Syn:

very 1.
4. мест.
1) кто-то, некий, некто

Some of them couldn't eat a thing. One couldn't even drink. — Некоторые из них не могли ничего есть. Кто-то не мог даже пить.

Syn:

somebody 1.

2) ( в неопределённо-личных предложениях)

Where does one go from there? — Куда отсюда пойдёшь?

One cannot always be right, can one? — Никогда не ошибаться невозможно, разве не так?

•

Gram:

[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]one[/ref]

••

- one of those

Англо-русский современный словарь > one

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